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The trial court erred by failing to instruct the jurors that the kidnapping qualifying circumstance for the one strike law requires an increased risk of harm.
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Legislation/Statutes (101)
-- Preemption (104)
-- "Prop 47" - General
(105)
-- Theft/Shoplifting (105a)
-- Eligibility for Prop 47 Relief (105b)
-- Prop 47 Drug Cases
(105c)
Three Strikes, generally (110)
-- Constitutional Issues (112)
-- Out of State/Juvenile Priors (114)
-- Strike 2/Credit Limits (116)
-- Consecutive Sentences (118)
-- Striking Priors/Romero/Wobblers (120)
-- Three Strikes Reform Act (121)
Constitutional Issues, generally (130)
-- Due Process/Fair Trial (132)
-- Present Defense/Evidence - Compulsory Process (133)
-- Equal Protection (134)
-- Ex Post Facto (138)
Preliminary Crimes, generally (140)
-- Solicitation (142)
-- Conspiracy (144)
-- Aiding and Abetting/Accessories (for accomplice instruction, see 782) (146)
-- Natural and Prob. Consequences - Prettyman (147)
-- Attempt (148)
Violent Crimes, generally (160)
-- Assault with a Deadly Weapon (162)
-- Kidnapping/False Imprisonment (166)
-- Sex Offenses, generally (168)
-- One Strike Law (169)
-- Sufficiency of Evidence (Sex Offenses) (170)
-- Sex Offender Registration (171)
-- Jury Instructions (Sex Offenses) (172)
-- Robbery/Carjacking (174)
-- Murder, Manslaughter, generally (176)
-- Jury Instructions (Murder) (178)
-- Sufficiency of Evidence (Murder) (180)
-- Felony-Murder Rule (182)
Property Crimes, generally (190)
---- Burglary (192)
---- Checks, Credit Cards, Forgery (196)
-- Fraud (200)
---- Theft, Receiving (204)
---- Arson (208)
Crimes v. Public Peace and Welfare, generally (220)
-- Criminal Threats(formerly "terrorist")/Stalking (221)
-- Driving Under the Influence (222)
-- Dept. of Motor Vehicle Issues (223)
-- Elder/Child Abuse, Domestic Violence (224)
-- Gang Crime - PC 186.22(a) (for gang enhancement see 852) (225)
-- Firearms/Explosives/Weapons (226)
-- Felon in Possession -12021 (227)
-- Shooting at Building/Vehicle (228)
-- Pornography, Obscenity, Prostitution (230)
-- Drug Offenses (234)
-- Medical Marijuana/Compassionate Use Act (235)
-- Proposition 36 (236)
-- Diversion PC 1000 (237)
Crimes v. Governmental Authority, generally (250)
-- Resisting Arrest, Escape (252)
-- Contempt (256)
-- Perjury (260)
-- Bribery, Obstruction of Justice (264)
-- Tax Cases (268)
-- Civil Code Violations (B&P Code, etc.) (272)
Exclusionary Rule, generally (good faith exception) (310)
-- Standing, Expectation of Privacy (312)
-- Search by Private Citizen/Foreign Officers (316)
-- Fruits, Taint, Inevitable Discovery (320)
Probable Cause, generally (330)
-- Based on Informants/Citizens (332)
-- Based on Police Experience/Knowledge (336)
-- Based on Observations (340)
Arrest and Detention, generally (350)
-- What Constitutes Arrest, Stop and Frisk (Terry) (352)
-- Airport Detention (354)
-- Knock-Notice (356)
-- Reasonable Suspicion to Stop or Detain (358)
Search Warrants, generally (360)
-- Affidavit (for Probable Cause, see 330) (363)
-- False Statements, Omissions (Franks v. Delaware) (365)
-- Overbreadth/Staleness (368)
-- Description/Execution (374)
Warrantless Searches, generally (380)
-- What Constitutes/Plain View (384)
-- Exigent Circumstances, generally (388)
-- Cases Finding Exigency (392)
-- Cases Finding No Exigency (396)
-- Consent Searches (400)
-- Houses, Premises (402)
-- Persons, Containers or Incident to Arrest (404)
-- Vehicles (408)
-- Administrative Searches, generally (412)
-- Prisoners/ Prisons/Booking Search (416)
-- Probation/Parole (418)
-- Electronic Eavesdropping/Air Surveillance (424)
-- Computer/Cell Phone (425)
Interrogation and Confessions, generally (450)
-- What Constitutes "in-custody" (452)
-- Voluntariness of confession (454)
-- Miranda Advice, Invocation, Waiver (456)
-- Interrogation after Counsel is Obtained (Massiah) (460)
Identification, generally (470)
-- Line-up/Photospread/Field (474)
-- Eyewitness Identification (ID Expert) (478)
Pretrial Proceedings (500)
-- Grand Jury (510)
-- Information/Indictment/Complaint (512)
-- Plea Bargains/Breach/Withdrawal (514)
-- Competency/Voluntar./Advice (Boykin-Tahl) (516)
-- Advice on Immigration Consequences (517)
-- Stipulations (518)
Special Hearings (520)
-- Sexually Violent Predator (522)
-- Preliminary Hearing (524)
-- Juvenile Proceedings (528)
-- Proposition 21 (530)
-- Extradition/Detainers (532)
-- Mental Competency - PC 1368 (536)
-- Restoration of SanityPC 1026.5 (537)
-- Mentally Disordered Offender (538)
Bail (540)
Pretrial Evidentiary Motions (550)
-- Suppress Evidence, PC 1538.5, proc. issues (554)
-- Discovery, generally (558)
-- Pitchess motions (559)
-- Brady v. Maryland material (560)
-- Preservation of Evidence (Trombetta/Youngblood) (562)
-- Informants (566)
-- Continuance (570)
-- Venue/Pretrial Publicity/Public Trial (for vicinage see 637) (574)
-- Severance/Joinder (578)
Pretrial Motions to Dismiss (580)
-- Dismiss, proced. issues (P.C. 995) (582)
-- Double Jeopardy (584)
-- Speedy Trial/Delay in Filing Charges (588)
-- Discriminatory/Vindictive Prosecution (592)
-- Jurisdiction (594)
-- Statute of Limitations (596)
-- Extended Statute - PC 803(g) (597)
-- Collateral Estoppel/Res Judicata/Bar (598)
Trial, generally (600)
-- Trial Motions/Motion for New Trial (602)
-- Post-trial Relief (expungement, 1203.4, etc.) (605)
-- Trial Judge/generally (610)
-- CCP 170.6 Challenge (611)
-- Judicial Misconduct (612)
-- Interpreter/Reporter/Clerk/Bailiff (614)
-- Defendant (Presence at Trial) (616)
-- Shackles/Medication (617)
Defense Counsel, right to/change (Marsden) (618)
-- Effective Assistance, Legal Issues (620)
-- Cases Finding Ineffective Assistance (622)
-- Cases Rejecting Ineffective Assistance Claims (624)
-- Conflict of Interest (626)
-- Self-Representation (Faretta) (627)
Prosecutor, generally (628)
-- Prosecutorial Misconduct, generally (630)
-- Comment of Defendant's Failure to Testify (Griffin) (632)
-- Other Misconduct in Argument to Jury (634)
Jury, Right to/Waiver (for jury instruct. see 780) (635)
-- Apprendi/Blakely/Cunningham (636)
---- Vicinage (637)
---- Voir Dire, Composition/Challenges, etc. (638)
---- Group Bias (Batson/Wheeler) (639)
---- Juror Misconduct (640)
---- Discharge of Juror (Including Holdout) (641)
---- Release of Juror Information (642)
---- Verdict (643)
Privileges, generally (652)
-- Self-Incrimination (654)
-- Immunity (656)
-- Attorney-Client (660)
Witnesses, generally (663)
-- Character/Habit/Custom (668)
-- Direct and Cross-Examination (676)
-- Impeachment of Witnesses, generally (679)
-- Impeachment with Prior Convictions, generally (681)
-- What Constitutes "Moral Turpitude" (686)
Evidence, generally (690)
-- Similar Acts or Crimes, generally (EC 1108/1109) (691)
-- To Show Intent (692)
-- To Show Modus Operandi/Common Scheme (693)
-- Balancing Relevance vs. Prejudice (EC 352) (694)
-- Order/Presumptions/Burdens/Inferences (696)
-- Foundation/Authentication/Best (698)
-- Sufficiency of, in gen. (see also particular crimes) (700)
Particular Kinds of Evidence, generally (710)
-- Gang Evidence (Including Gang Expert) (711)
-- DNA (712)
-- Fingerprints/Body Fluids/Breath/Voice (714)
-- Tape Recordings, Charts (716)
-- Polygraph, Hypnosis/Sodium Pentothal (717)
-- Expert/Lay Opinion (718)
-- Kelly-Frye (719)
-- Hearsay, generally (including Confrontation) (720)
-- Crawford v. Washington (721)
-- Admissions/Declarations (722)
-- Business/Official Records (724)
-- Prior Testimony/Depositions (726)
-- Coconspirator (728)
-- Prior Consistent or Inconsistent Statements (730)
-- Judicial Notice (736)
Defenses, generally (Right to Present) (750)
-- Insanity/Diminished Capacity/Intoxication (751)
-- Third Party Culpability (753)
-- Duress/Coercion/Necessity (754)
-- Entrapment/Outrageous Government Conduct (756)
-- Mistake/Ignorance/Impossibility/Consent (758)
-- Self-Defense/Crime Prevention (760)
Jury Instructions, generally (780)
-- Lesser Included/Related Offense (781)
-- Cautionary/Curative/Limiting (782)
-- Consciousness of Guilt (Flight/Falsity, etc.) (785)
-- Unanimous Verdict/Reasonable Doubt (788)
-- CALCRIM Challenges (789)
Sentencing Hearing, generally (800)
-- Realignment Act of 2011 (801)
-- Information Relied On, Presentence Report (802)
-- Other Fines, Fees and Costs (803)
-- Restitution (804)
-- Direct Restitution (804a)
-- Restitution Fines (804b)
-- Juvenile Restitution (804c)
-- Custody, Conduct Credits, generally (805)
-- For Time in Youth Authority/State Hospital or CRC (806)
-- 15 % Limit - PC 2933.1 (807)
Probation, generally (808)
-- Conditions of Probation (810)
-- Revocation of Probation (811)
-- Parole (Inc. denial, "some evidence") (812)
Punishment, generally/Cruel and Unusual (816)
-- Wobblers (818)
-- Consecutive/Concurrent (822)
-- Consecutive Sentence for Sex Offenses (823)
-- Multiple Punishment for Single Act (PC 654) (824)
-- California Youth Authority/Department of Juvenile Justice (826)
-- MDSO, Rehabilitation Centers, Special Programs, State Hospital for Mentally Ill (828)
Determinate Sentence Law, generally (832)
-- Dual Use of Facts to Aggravate and Enhance (835)
-- Aggravating and Mitigating Factors, generally (836)
-- Statement of Reasons for Higher Term (838)
-- Premeditation/Callousness/Viciousness (841)
-- Improper Factors (843)
Enhancements, generally (845)
-- Constitutionality of Enhancement (847)
-- Prior Convictions (PC 667(a)) (848)
-- Prior Residential Burglary (849)
-- Court's Discretion to Strike Prior (850)
-- Violent Felony with Prior Pris. Term (PC 667.5) (851)
-- Gang Enhancement (PC 186.22(b)) (852)
-- On Bail (PC 12022.1) (854)
-- Weapon Use (incl. PC 12022.53) (856)
-- Great Bodily Injury (857)
-- Value of Property Taken/Drug Weight (858)
-- Life Sent./Without Parole-Special Circumstances (859)
Death Penalty, generally (860)
-- Special Circumstances - Felony Murder (862)
-- Other Special Circumstances Justifying (863)
-- Jury Selection in Death Penalty Cases (864)
-- Aggravating and Mitigating Factors (865)
-- Sympathy/Victim Impact (866)
-- Prosecutorial Misconduct in Death Penalty (867)
-- Jury Instructions (868)
-- Motion for Modification of Death Penalty (869)
Appeal, generally (870)
-- Certificate of Probable Cause (874)
-- Counsel/Record/Briefs (876)
-- Appeals by the Prosecution (880)
Limits of Review on Appeal, generally (890)
-- Forfeiture by Failure to Object (892)
-- Standard of Review (896)
-- Harmless Error (900)
Decision/Motions (920)
-- Stare Decisis/Law of the Case (922)
-- Mootness/Remand (924)
-- Retroactivity of Court Decisions (926)
Habeas Corpus (940)
-- Prisoner's Rights (948)
Writs of Mandamus, Prohibition (950)
Test Category (998)
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The trial court violated defendant’s Sixth Amendment jury trial rights by relying on preliminary hearing transcripts to support the finding that the prior assault was a strike prior.
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